Energy costs

ING says the Dutch economy is now less exposed to high energy prices than in 2022. Energy‑intensive industries have shrunk, while sectors like machinery and chip manufacturing have grown, making the overall economy more resilient to a new energy shock.

The Dutch chemical sector is facing growing pressure due to high energy costs and limited government action, according to Rotterdam mayor Carola Schouten. Industry groups warn of declining competitiveness and increasing reliance on cheaper imports from abroad.